Stockfish 8 vs Gull 3 in a free chess engine match. 10 FIDE standard long time control matches and free PGN download of games played.
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Chess - Wikipedia. This article is about the Western board game. For other chess games or other uses, see Chess (disambiguation). Chess is a two- player strategyboard game played on a chessboard, a checkered gameboard with 6. Each of the six piece types moves differently, with the most powerful being the queen and the least powerful the pawn. The objective is to checkmate.
To this end, a player's pieces are used to attack and capture the opponent's pieces, while supporting each other. In addition to checkmate, the game can be won by voluntary resignation of the opponent, which typically occurs when too much material is lost or checkmate appears unavoidable. There are also several ways a game can end in a draw. Chess is believed to have originated in India sometime before the 7th century. The game was derived from the Indian game chaturanga, which is also the likely ancestor of the Eastern strategy games xiangqi, janggi, and shogi. Since 1. 94. 8, the World Championship has been regulated by FIDE, the game's international governing body. FIDE awards titles to skilled players, the highest of which is grandmaster.
Many national chess organizations also have a title system; however, these are not recognized by FIDE. FIDE also organizes the Women's World Championship, the World Junior Championship, the World Senior Championship, the Blitz and Rapid World Championships, and the Chess Olympiad, a popular competition among international teams.
The Internet's first and longest-running dailt chess newspaper, with coverage of events as well as chess instruction.
There is also a Correspondence Chess World Championship and a World Computer Chess Championship. Online chess has opened amateur and professional competition to a wide and varied group of players.
Until recently, the International Olympic Committee had recognized chess as a sport. Since the 1. 99. 0s, computer analysis has contributed significantly to chess theory, particularly in the endgame. The IBM computer Deep Blue was the first machine to overcome a reigning World Chess Champion in a match when it defeated. Garry Kasparov in 1. The rise of strong computer programs (called .
One of these, Chess. FIDE's rules were most recently revised in 2. Setup. Initial position, first row: rook, knight, bishop, queen, king, bishop, knight, and rook; second row: pawns. Setup at the start of a game.
Chess is played on a square board of eight rows (called ranks and denoted with numbers 1 to 8) and eight columns (called files and denoted with letters a to h). The colors of the 6.
The chessboard is placed with a light square at the right- hand end of the rank nearest to each player. By convention, the game pieces are divided into white and black sets, and the players are referred to as White and Black respectively. Each player begins the game with 1. The pieces are set out as shown in the diagram and photo, with each queen on a square of its own color, the white queen on a light square and the black queen on a dark. Movement. The player with the white pieces always moves first. After the first move, players alternately move one piece per turn (except for castling, when two pieces are moved). Pieces are moved to either an unoccupied square or one occupied by an opponent's piece, which is captured and removed from play.
With the sole exception of en passant, all pieces capture by moving to the square that the opponent's piece occupies. A player may not make any move that would put or leave the player's own king under attack. A player cannot . In the diagrams, the dots mark the squares where the piece can move if there are no intervening piece(s) of either color. The king moves one square in any direction.
The king also has a special move called castling that involves also moving a rook. The rook can move any number of squares along a rank or file, but cannot leap over other pieces. Along with the king, a rook is involved during the king's castling move. The bishop can move any number of squares diagonally, but cannot leap over other pieces. The queen combines the power of a rook and bishop and can move any number of squares along a rank, file, or diagonal, but cannot leap over other pieces. The knight moves to any of the closest squares that are not on the same rank, file, or diagonal, thus the move forms an .
The knight is the only piece that can leap over other pieces. The pawn can move forward to the unoccupied square immediately in front of it on the same file, or on its first move it can advance two squares along the same file, provided both squares are unoccupied (black dots in the diagram); or the pawn can capture an opponent's piece on a square diagonally in front of it on an adjacent file, by moving to that square (black . A pawn has two special moves: the en passant capture and promotion. Castling. Once in every game, each king is allowed to make a special move, known as castling. Castling consists of moving the king two squares along the first rank toward a rook (which is on the player's first rank. Castling is permissible under the following conditions.
Note that castling is permissible if the rook is attacked, or if the rook crosses a square that is attacked. En passant. When a pawn advances two squares from its starting position and there is an opponent's pawn on an adjacent file next to its destination square, then the opponent's pawn can capture it en passant (in passing), and move to the square the pawn passed over. This can only be done on the very next move, otherwise the right to do so is forfeit. For example, if the black pawn has just advanced two squares from g.
White's next move). Promotion. When a pawn advances to the eighth rank, as a part of the move it is promoted and must be exchanged for the player's choice of queen, rook, bishop, or knight of the same color. Usually, the pawn is chosen to be promoted to a queen, but in some cases another piece is chosen; this is called underpromotion. In the diagram on the right, the pawn on c. There is no restriction placed on the piece that is chosen on promotion, so it is possible to have more pieces of the same type than at the start of the game (for example, two queens). Check. The black king is in check from the white rook. When a king is under immediate attack by one or two of the opponent's pieces, it is said to be in check.
A response to a check is a legal move if it results in a position where the king is no longer under direct attack (that is, not in check). This can involve capturing the checking piece; interposing a piece between the checking piece and the king (which is possible only if the attacking piece is a queen, rook, or bishop and there is a square between it and the king); or moving the king to a square where it is not under attack. Castling is not a permissible response to a check. The object of the game is to checkmate the opponent; this occurs when the opponent's king is in check, and there is no legal way to remove it from attack. It is illegal for a player to make a move that would put or leave the player's own king in check. In casual games it is common to announce .
In high- level tournaments, players have been forfeited for such things as arriving late for the game (even by a matter of seconds), receiving a call or text on a cell phone, refusing to undergo a drug test, refusing to undergo a body search for electronic devices, and unsporting behavior (such as refusing to shake the opponent's hand). Draw. Black is not in check and has no legal move. The result is stalemate. There are several ways games can end in a draw: Draw by agreement: Draws are most commonly reached by mutual agreement between the players. The correct procedure is to verbally offer the draw, make a move, then start the opponent's clock. Traditionally, players have been allowed to agree to a draw at any point in the game, occasionally even without playing a move; in recent years efforts have been made to discourage short draws, for example by forbidding draw offers before move thirty.
Stalemate: The player whose turn it is to move has no legal move and is not in check. Threefold repetition of position: This most commonly occurs when neither side is able to avoid repeating moves without incurring a disadvantage. In this situation, either player can claim a draw; this requires the players to keep a valid written record of the game so that the claim can be verified by the arbiter if challenged. The three occurrences of the position need not occur on consecutive moves for a claim to be valid.
FIDE rules make no mention of perpetual check; this is merely a specific type of draw by threefold repetition. Fifty- move rule: If during the previous 5. There are several known endgames where it is possible to force a mate but it requires more than 5. Historically, FIDE has sometimes revised the 5.
Some correspondence chess organizations do not enforce the fifty- move rule. This is a relatively recent (2. FIDE rules. Seventy- five- move rule: Similar to the fifty- move rule; however, if the final move in the sequence resulted in checkmate, this takes precedence. As with the fivefold- repetition rule, this applies independently of claims by the players, and allows a tournament director to intervene. This rule likewise is a recent addition to the FIDE rules. Insufficient material: If neither player has a theoretical possibility to checkmate the opponent; for example, if a player has only the king and a knight left, and the opponent has only the king left, checkmate is impossible and the game is drawn by this rule.
On the other hand, if both players have a king and a knight left, there is a highly unlikely yet theoretical possibility of checkmate, so this rule does not apply. Draw on time: In games with a time control, the game is drawn if a player is out of time and the opponent has no theoretical possibility to checkmate the player. Time control. Chess games may also be played with a time control. If a player's time runs out before the game is completed, the game is automatically lost (provided the opponent has enough pieces left to deliver checkmate). The duration of a game ranges from long (or .
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